Or, how long to invest until passive income cover expenses sustainably
Lump sum you already possess
How much you can save
How much you currently spend
How old you are now
Excluding costs, taxes, or inflation
Annual management fee from the ETF / index fund
Transaction fees from the broker
Implicit transaction cost from the market maker
Implicit cost if operating with different currencies
How much of the returns are in dividends
Whether the index distributes dividends to you
Tax on distributed dividends
Whether the index accounts for foreign withholding tax
Foreign withholding tax
Applied on profits realised on sales
Stamp duty
How much prices for goods and services increase
Additional expense growth above inflation
Each child accounts for a 0.7% expense growth rate
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Annual return after all costs, taxes, and wealth tax deduction